Al toxicity

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Stunted plants, with chlorosis and bronzing present on one variety but not the other (J. Low).

Diagnostic summary

What you see on plants

- stunted growth

Management practices listed in this fact sheet are not necessarily recommendations or preiptins but are just information on what have been studied or used in some places to control this particular problem. Application of any single or interated control measures are location- and situation- specific hence consultation with local experts (farmers, extension workers or researchers) is still highly recommended.- Editors

- small root system with yellow or brown roots

- crop may wilt readily

- yellowing, reddening or bronzing of oldest leaves.

Aluminium toxicity is the main cause of growth reduction on strongly acid soils. Al solubility increases rapidly at soil pH below 5 and may reach toxic concentrations.

May induce deficiency of phosphorus, magnesium or calcium, resulting in a range of possible symptoms in the leaves.

Characteristics and occurrence

Symptoms

Confusion with other symptoms