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Diagnosis |
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Diagnosis
Fore
wing with a single row
of setae departing from stigmal vein, and quite often with transverse
dark
stripes.
Submarginal
vein (SMV) with 2 setae dorsally. Postmarginal
vein (PMV) present and at most as long as stigmal vein (STV).
Antennal scape and flagellum generally slightly flattened. Flagellum
with usually 2 (sometimes 3) funicular segments and club 3-segmented
(club 2-segmented if funicle has 3 segments). Male scape with sensory
area on scape restricted to a small area on apical part of scape (difficult
to recognize on normal microscope).
Head
with fronto-facial suture distinctly separated from anterior ocellus
and V- or Y-shaped.
Pronotum
most of the time without a distinct transverse carina, although it is
present in C. trifasciatus Westwood. The condition of the notauli
in Closterocerus can be difficult to interpret: although generally
incomplete, they may appear complete, or rarely curving to axillae.
Mesoscutum
and scutellum usually strongly sculptured and without longitudinal
grooves; scutellum
with a single pair of setae. Propodeum
smooth, shiny and without median carina and plica.
Petiole
not distinct.
Coloration
mainly dark-blue metallic.
Superfamily : Chalcidoidea
Family : Eulophidae
Subfamily : Entedoninae
Tribe : Entedonini
Classification
Overview
Closterocerus contains over 100 species, and is cosmopolitan in
distribution (Noyes, 2002; 2003).
Species are endoparasitoids of a wide range of hosts, but these include
quite a few species which are parasitoids of leafmining Lepidoptera, Diptera,
Coleoptera and Hymenoptera.
Gumovsky (2001) synonymised Neochrysocharis,
Asecodes, Hispinocharis Boucek and Mangocharis
Boucek with Closterocerus. Further study will be required to gain
a complete understanding of relationships in these groups; until that
time, we are considering Neochrysocharis,
Asecodes and Closterocerus as separate
genera.
Identification
Closterocerus is included in recent generic keys to eulophids for Australasia (Boucek, 1988) and North America (Schauff et al, 1997), and it is included in a web-based key to all Eulophidae genera which attack leafmining Agromyzidae (Reina & La Salle, 2003). Hansson (1994a) provided a key to North American species.