The following were among the most useful sources of information used when compiling the invertebrate pests key and fact sheets:

• Bosque-Pérez, N.A. (1995). Major insect pests of maize in Africa: biology and control. IITA Research Guide 30. Training Program, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan, Nigeria. 30 p. Second edition.
• CABI Crop Compendium. CABI Publishing 2011. www.cabi.org/cpc.
• Dent D. (1991). Insect Pest Management. CAB International, UK. 604pp.
• Flanders K.L., Heinrichs E.A., Foster J.E. and Rice M.E. (2010). Maize pests of North America. In: EB Radcliffe, WD Hutchinson and RE Cancelado (Eds) Radcliff’s IPM world textbook. University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN. ipmworld.umn.edu/chapters/maize.htm
• Hill, D.S. (2008). Pests of crops in warmer climates and their control. Springer Science and Business Media BV. Kfir R., Overholt W.A., Khan Z.R. and Polaszek A. (2002). Biology and management of economically important lepidopteran cereal stem borers in Africa. Annual Review of Entomology, 47: 701-731.
• Krischik V.A., Cuperus G. and Galliart D. (1995). Stored Product Management, 2nd Edition, Oklahoma State Univ. 204 pp.
• Ortega, A. (1987). Insect pests of Maize: A Guide for Field Identification. Mexico, D.F.: CIMMYT. Infonet-Biovision. www.infonet-biovision.org
• Overholt W.A, Maes K.V.N and Goebel F.R. (2001) Field guide to the stemborer larvae of maize, sorghum and sugarcane in Eastern and Southern Africa. ICIPE Science Press, Nairobi, Kenya.
• Polaszek A. (ed.) (1998). African cereal stemborers; economic importance, taxonomy, natural enemies and control. CAB International, Wallingford, Oxon, UK. 530pp.PaDIL – Plant Biosecurity Toolbox. www.padil.gov.au
• Youdeowei A. (1993). Pest and vector management in the tropics, Longman group Ltd. England, 399pp.