Frankliniella schultzei

Recognition data

Distinguishing features

Both sexes fully winged. Body either brown with pronotum tibiae and tarsi paler, or body yellow with faint shadings on tergites; antennal segments III � V yellow at at least at base; forewing pale with dark setae. Head wider than long; three pairs of ocellar setae present, pair III arising close together between anterior margins of hind ocelli, as long as side of ocellar triangle; pair IV as long as distance between hind ocelli. Antennae 8-segmented; segments III � IV with sensorium forked, segment VIII longer than VII. Pronotum with five pairs of major setae; anteromarginal setae slightly shorter than anteroangulars, one pair of minor setae present medially between posteromarginal submedian setae. Metanotum with two pairs of setae at anterior margin, campaniform sensilla absent. Forewing with two complete rows of veinal setae. Abdominal tergites VI � VIII with paired ctenidia, on VIII anterolateral to spiracle; posteromarginal comb on VIII not developed. Sternites III�VII without discal setae. Male smaller; tergite VIII with a few teeth laterally on posterior margin; sternites III�VII with broadly transverse glandular area.

Variation

F. schultzei is not only variable within and between populations, it also exists as a yellow and a brown form that are more or less distinct. The yellow form is possibly a distinct species, to which the name F. sulphurea applies. However, the two forms are equally widespread around the world, and both commonly occur together in parts of Africa and India. The evidence for recognizing them as distinct species remains weak.

Related and similar species

More than 160 species are currently listed in the genus Frankliniella, with up to 130 further names placed into synonymy (Nakahara, 1997). This high rate of synonymy has been due to unrecognized variability in size and color of so many species. Scarcely ten of the 160 known species of Frankliniella are considered not native to the Americas, but the origin of F. schultzei remains unclear. It is generally considered to be from South America, although there remains a possibility that it came originally from Africa. The origin of the ocellar setae III between the posterior ocelli is unusual within this genus, being found only in some members of the F. minuta group.

Taxonomic data

Current valid name

Frankliniella schultzei (Trybom)

Original name and synonyms

Physopus schultzei Trybom, 1910: 151
Euthrips gossypii Shiraki, 1912: 56
Frankliniella sulphurea Schmutz, 1913: 1019
Frankliniella delicatula Bagnall, 1919: 263
Frankliniella trybomi Karny, 1920: 36
Frankliniella persetosa Karny, 1922: 97
Frankliniella dampfi Priesner, 1923: 64
Frankliniella tabacicola Karny, 1925: 4
Frankliniella dampfi interocellaris Karny, 1925: 126
Frankliniella africana Bagnall, 1926: 100
Frankliniella anglicana Bagnall, 1926: 281
Frankliniella aeschyli Girault, 1927: 2
Parafrankliniella nigripes Girault, 1928: 4
Frankliniella paucispinosa Moulton, 1933: 122
Frankliniella kellyana Kelly & Mayne, 1934: 20
Frankliniella dampfi nana Priesner, 1936: 85
Frankliniella lycopersici Andrewartha, 1937: 163
Frankliniella favoniana Priesner, 1938: 30
Frankliniella pembertoni Moulton, 1940: 247
Frankliniella clitoriae Moulton, 1940: 248
Frankliniella schultzei nigra Moulton, 1948: 100
Frankliniella ipomoeae Moulton, 1948: 95