Aleurodicus pulvinatus Maskell (field Image)

Nomenclature :   

Aleyrodes pulvinata Maskell, 1895: 439-441          

Aleurodicus pulvinata  (Maskell) Cockerell, 1898: 275    

Aleurodicus pulvinata  (Maskell) Cockerell,  1902: 280.

Aleurodicus bifasciatus Bondar, 1922: 85. 

Aleurodicus iridescens Cockerell, 1898

Distribution: Nearctic:  Mexico [CPC, 2003],  Neotropical:   Antigua,  Belize [Martin 2004 Zootaxa: 28][CPC, 2003][Martin &  Watson, 1998], Bolivia [CPC, 2003] [Martin &  Watson, 1998],  Brazil [CPC, 2003] [Martin &  Watson, 1998][ Bondar, 1922: 85],  Costa Rica [CPC, 2003] [Martin &  Watson, 1998], Colombia [CPC, 2003] [Martin &  Watson, 1998],  Ecuador [CPC, 2003] [Martin &  Watson, 1998],  El Salvador [CPC, 2003] [Martin &  Watson, 1998],  Guyana  [Baker  & Moles,  1923: 622], Honduras [CPC, 2003] [Martin &  Watson, 1998],  Nicaragua [CPC, 2003] [Martin &  Watson, 1998], Panama [CPC, 2003] [Martin &  Watson, 1998],  Peru [Martin &  Watson, 1998], St. Kitts & Nevis [CPC, 2003] [Martin &  Watson, 1998], Trinidad [CPC, 2003] [Martin &  Watson, 1998][Schotman CYL, 1989][Maskell, 1895: 439-441][NHM, London],  Surninam [CPC, 2003] [Martin &  Watson, 1998],  & Venezuela [CPC, 2003] [Martin &  Watson, 1998][Arnal et al:  1993].

Host: Annonaceae:  Annona squamosa;  Araceae: Montrichardia aculeata [Baker  & Moles,  1923: 622];   Arecaceae: Cocos nucifera  [CPC, 2003][Costa Lima, 1928: 145];  Chrysobalanaceae: Chrysobalanus icaco  [CPC, 2003] , Hura crepitans,  Licania tomentosa [ Bondar, 1922: 85];  Clusiaceae: Vismia sp.  [NHM,London], Vismia brasiliensis [Costa Lima, 1968: 107];  Euphorbiaceae: Jatropha sp. [CPC, 2003][Maskell, 1895: 440];   Lauraceae:  Persea americana  [CPC, 2003][NHM, London];   Moraceae: Ficus bengalensis;  Musaceae:  Musa [Costa Lima, 1936: 145];   Myrtaceae: Psidium guajave [ Bondar, 1922: 85];   Piperaceae:  Piper nigrum [CPC, 2003];  Polygonaceae:  Coccoloba uvifera [CPC, 2003];   Rubiaceae: Coffea canephora [CPC, 2003];  Sapindaceae: Melicoccus bijugatus [Arnal et al:  1993];  Sterculiaceae:  Theobroma sp. .       

Taxonomy:  Margin not dentate.  Pupal case with 7 pairs of compound pores with the central processes of caudal two pairs subequal in size;  anterior abdominal compound pore about or less than 1/2 as wide as lingula. 

Lingula rounded apically, short not extending to posterior margin of cauda;  operculum finely spinulose.

Dorsal septate pores present;  submarginal double-rimmed pores absent; submarginal dense band of wide-rimmed pores present; thorax with a lateral row of close-set pores separated from pore band.

Natural Enemies: [Kairo et al, 2001], [Chavez, 1996][Hayat,M.,1992]Polaszek, A.,1991[Biocontrol News and Information]:  Phytoseiidae, spp. of  (Acarina);  Dirphys larensis Chavez, Encarsia guadeloupae Viggiani, E.  noyesi Hayat, Encarsia sp. & Encarsia sp. nr. meritoria Gahan (Hymenoptera, Aphelinidae);   Metaphycus sp & Nephaspis sp (Hymenoptera, Encyrtidae);    Aleuroctonus vittatus (Dozier), Entedononecremnus sp (Hymenoptera, Eulophidae); Delphastus nebulosus Chapin, Scymnus sp. (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae);  Syrphidae (Diptera);  Chrysopodes (Neosuarius) collaris Schneider (Neuroptera, Chrysopidae);  Araneae.  

Related genera:  Similar to Aleurodicus pauciporus differs by having a dense band of wide-rimmed pores.  Similar to A. guppyi Quaintance & Baker with the anterior abdominal compound pore about or less than 1/2 as wide as lingula;  differs by having a lateral row of close-set pores separated from pore band on thorax, whereas this lateral row on the thorax is absent in guppyi.

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