Paraleyrodes perseae (Quaintance)

Nomenclature [Martin 2006: 35-47]:    

Paraleyrodes perseae (Quaintance) Quaintance 1909  

Aleyrodes perseae  Quaintance  [Quaintance 1900:  32-33].

Aleurodicus perseae  (Quaintance) [Cockerell, 1903: 663].

Biology [Martin 2006: 35-47] [Quaintance, 1909]:  Pupal case yellow to brown with a subelliptical shape;  marginal fringe of short, curled waxen filaments.  Parasite known:  Encarsia variegatus [Quaintance, 1909].

Host:   Adoxaceae: Viburnum [Martin 2006: 35-47] ;  Apocynaceae: Plumeria [Martin 2006: 35-47]; Araceae: Anthurium [Martin 2006: 35-47] ; Ebenaceae:  Diospyros [Quaintance & Baker, 1916: 470];  Lauraceae:  Cinnamomum [Martin 2006: 35-47], Laurus [Martin 2006: 35-47], Persea americana [Martin 2006: 35-47] [Quaintance & Baker, 1916: 470][Arnal et al:  1993: 377],  Persea carolinensis  [Quaintance  & Baker  1900:  33][Quaintance, 1909],  Persea gratissima  [Quaintance & Baker  1913:  83]; Myrtaceae [Martin 2006: 35-47] : Myrica, Psidium; Piperaceae [Martin 2006: 35-47]: Piper;  Rutaceae: Citrus [Martin 2006: 35-47]  [Sampson & Drews, 1941: 155].

Distribution [Martin 2006: 35-47]:  Australasian:  Philippines, & Hawaii . Nearctic:  Mexico [Sampson & Drews], & USA  (Florida  [Quaintance 1900:  32-33], Georgia, Missouri).  Neotropical: Nicaragua, Venezuela [Arnal et al:  1993: 377].    

Taxonomy [Martin 2006: 35-47] [Quaintance, 1909]: One pair of large compound pore present on the cephalic and abdominal segments V-VIII;  anterior  reduced abdominal compound pore situated closer to the midline and somewhat reduced.   All large compound pores  with  diameter 20-36 μm;  ring of spinneret cells 10-18 μm  in diameter with 4-8 cells  with an elongate spline arising from each cell; between spinneret cells and compound pore boundary is a narrow annulus with finer cells;  when seen, the inner lumen divided into irregular segments;  reduced compound pore on abdominal segment III 12-16 μm in diameter;  the pair of reduced compound pores on abdominal segment IV absent.

Pore/porette geminate pairs sparsely present on subdorsum usually as a single pore on most cephalothoracic segments and between compound pore and margin on abdominal segments V thru VII, absent on VIII; abdominal segments III and IV each with a cluster of 2-5 larger bright pores.

Outer margin with a ring of widely-spaced small crater-like glands between the setal base and margin (about 2-4 per pair of setae).

Vasiform orifice cordate and smooth.

Natural Enemies [Viggiani, 1986][Muma et al., 1975][Fulmek, 1943][Dozier, 1933][Petch, 1921]:  Aschersonia aurantiaca (Anamorphic Fungi);  Scymnus sp. (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae); Encarsia variegata Howard (Hymenoptera, Aphelinidae).

Related species: Differs totally from all other species with the presence of only one reduced abdominal compound pore on Abdominal segment III and the absence of a compound pore on Abd segment IV making a total of six compound pores present, including the cephalothoracic pair.