Genus: Aleurothrixus
Nomenclature:
Aleurothrixus (Philodamus) Quaintance & Baker [1917 & 1914]
Biology [Martin 1999: 50] : Pale cuticle with or without pigmentation.
Distribution [Martin 1999: 50] : This is
considered a New World genus with Aleurothrixus flocossus (Maskell)
being the only species worldwide.
Taxonomy [Martin 1999: 50]: Margin. Evenly toothed with a basal gland giving the appearance of a double row of teeth. Dorsum. Disc separated from wide submarginal area by a rather complex disjunct but complete fold. Abdominal rachis usually absent, but if present without lateral arms. Vasiform orifice transversely-elliptical. Chaetotaxy. Setal pairs present on the metathorax, abdominal segment 8, and caudal segment; submargin with 7 pairs of spine-like setae present from cephalothorax to several anterior abdominal segments.
Natural Enemies: See species list below.
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Aleurothrixus aepim Goldi Nomenclature:
Distribution [Hempel 1923] : Neotropical: Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay Host: Indet [Quaintance & Baker 1914] [ Asteraceae: Baccharis oxyodenta [Costa Lima 1968: 113] , Mikania scandens [Biezanko & Freitas 1939: 6] , ; Convolvulaceae: Ipomoea sp. [Blanchard 1918: 347] ; Euphorbiaceae : Manihot esculenta, M. palmata [Bemis 1904: 494] [Goldi 1886] , M. utilissima [Baker & Moles 1923: 632] [NHM, London] ; Myrtaceae: Psidium guajava; Rubiaceae : Coffea arabica L. [Bondar 1928: 83] ; Rutaceae [Hempel 1923: 1188] : Citrus sp. Natural Enemies: Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae: Encarsia aleurothrixi Evans and Polaszek [Evans & Polaszek 1998] ; E. perplexa Huang & Polaszek [1998], E. porteri (Mercet) [1927] ; Eretmocerus sp.; Marietta sp.; Encyrtidae: Metaphycus sp.. |
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Aleurothrixus aguiari Costa Lima Nomenclature:
Distribution: Nearctic: ?Brazil Host: Meliaceae : Guarea trichiliodes [Costa Lima 1942: 425]; Sapotaceae : Pouteria caimito [Costa Lima 1968: 113] |
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Aleurothrixus bondari Costa Lima Nomenclature:
Distribution: Neotropical: Brazil Host: Indet [Costa Lima 1942: 421]; Tiliaceae: Triumfetta semitriloba Jacq. [Costa Lima 1968: 113] |
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Aleurothrixus chivelensis Sampson & Drews Nomenclature:
Distribution: Neotropical [Martin 2005: 21]: Belize, Mexico Host: Lauraceae: Persea sp. |
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Aleurothrixus cruzi Cassino
Distribution: Neotropical: Brazil Host: Indet [Cassino & Nascimento 1999] |
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Aleurothrixus floccosus Maskell Nomenclature:
Distribution [Martin 1999: 50] : Afrotropical: Angola [Evans, Dooley & Gill 2006: 45] , Congo [Cohic 1968: 34] , Gabon [Evans, Dooley & Gill 2006: 45] , Guinea [Evans, Dooley & Gill 2006: 45] , Reunion [NHM, London], Madeira [NHM, London] Liberia [Evans, Dooley & Gill 2006: 45] , Mauritius [Evans, Dooley & Gill 2006: 45] , Nigeria [Evans, Dooley & Gill 2006: 45]; Australasia: Guam [Evans, Dooley & Gill 2006: 45] , Philippines, Tahiti [Evans, Dooley & Gill 2006: 45]; Nearctic: Mexico [Bondar 1923: 165], USA (CA, FL, LA, TX [Evans, Dooley & Gill 2006: 45]) [NHM, London] [Back 1909: 448] , Neotropical: Antigua [Evans, Dooley & Gill 2006: 45]; Argentina [Bondar 1923: 165], Bahamas [NHM, London], Barbados [NHM, London] , Bermuda [Evans, Dooley & Gill 2006: 45], Brazil [Hempel 1899: 394] [NHM, London] , Chile [Bondar 1923: 165] [NHM, London] , Colombia [Evans, Dooley & Gill 2006: 45], Costa Rica, Colombia, Cuba [Quaintance 1907: 91] [NHM, London] , Domenica [NHM, London], Dominican Republic [Evans, Dooley & Gill 2006: 45], Ecuador, Galapagos Islands [Evans, Dooley & Gill 2006: 45], Guatemala [Evans, Dooley & Gill 2006: 45] , Guadeloupe [NHM, London] , Guyana [Bondar 1923: 165] [NHM, London], Haiti [Fulmek 1943: 8] , Honduras, Jamaica [Maskell 1895: 433] [NHM, London] , Martinique Guatemala [Evans, Dooley & Gill 2006: 45] , Nicaragua Guatemala [Evans, Dooley & Gill 2006: 45] , ,Panama [Baker & Moles 1923: 632] , Paraguay [Bondar 1923: 165] [NHM, London] , Peru Guatemala [Evans, Dooley & Gill 2006: 45] , Puerto Rico [Dozier 1927: 272] [NHM, London]; St. Kitts, Surinam, Trinidad [NHM, London] & Tobago, Ureguay [Evans, Dooley & Gill 2006: 45] , Venezuela [Evans, Dooley & Gill 2006: 45] , Virgin Islands [Evans, Dooley & Gill 2006: 45]; Oriental: Japan [Evans, Dooley & Gill 2006: 45] , Okinawa, Singapore, Taiwan [Evans, Dooley & Gill 2006: 45] , Thailand [Evans, Dooley & Gill 2006: 45],; ; Palaearctic: Canary Islands [Evans, Dooley & Gill 2006: 45], France, Italy, , Morocco, Portugal [Evans, Dooley & Gill 2006: 45], Sicily [Evans, Dooley & Gill 2006: 45] , Spain [NHM, London] Host [Mound & Halsey 1978] : indet [Back 1909] [Maskell 1895] [Bondar 1923: 165]; Anacardaceae: Anacardium sp, [Costa Lima 1968: 113] , Mangifera indica [Costa Lima 1968: 113] , Schinus terebinthifolius [Evans, Dooley & Gill 2006: 44], Spondias dulcis [Evans, Dooley & Gill 2006: 44], Spondias lutea [Bondar 1923: 166], Spondias mombi [Evans, Dooley & Gill 2006: 44]; Annonaceae: Annona reticulata [Costa Lima 1936: 153] , A. squamosa [Vazquez 1999: 144]; Apocynaceae: Plumeria rubra [NHM, London]; Araceae: Dieffenbachia maculata & sp.; Asclepiadaceae : Paraquetina nigrescens [Cohic- (3' Note) - 1968: 34]; Asteraceae: Baccharis genistelloides [Bondar 1923: 165] [NHM, London] , Emilia sonchifolia [Evans, Dooley & Gill 2006: 44], Eupatorium odoratum, ; Bignoniaceae [Evans, Dooley & Gill 2006: 44] : Catalpa longissima, Tabeuia glomerata; Boraginaceae: Cordia collococca [Vazquez 1999: 144] , Burseraceae: Bursera simaruba [Vazquez 1999: 144]; Cannaceae: Canna coccinea; Chrysobalanaceae: Chrysobalanus icaco [Evans, Dooley & Gill 2006: 44] , Licania tomentosa [Costa Lima 1936: 153]; Convolvulaceae: Ipomoea sp [Blanchard 1918: 344]; Cyperaceae: Cyperus globosus, C. odoratus, C. ovularis, C. rotundus, Cyperus sp., C. strigosus; Ebenaceae: Diospyros kaki [Biezanko & Freitas 1939: 6]; Fabaceae: Calliandra haematocephala; Guttiferae: Calophyllum antillan [Vazquez 1999: 144]; Lauraceae: Persea americana [Vazquez 1999: 144]; Liliaceae : Gloriosa superba [Cohic-(3' Note) - 1968: 34]; Loranthaceae: Phorandendron sp. [Costa Lima 1968: 113] , Malpighiaceae: Malpighia emarginata; Malvaceae: Sida rhombifolia [Biezanko & Freitas 1939: 6] ; Meliaceae: Guarea trichiliodes [Costa Lima 1942: 422] , Khaya nyasica; Myricaceae: Myrica cerifera; Myrtaceae: Eugenia tomentosa [Costa Lima 1942] , E. uniflora, Feijoa sellowiana, Psidium guajava [Hempel 1899: 394] [NHM, London] , P. cattleianum, Psidium sp.; Nyctaginaceae: Bougainvillea sp. [Costa Lima 1968: 113] , Guapira discolor; Polygonaceae: Coccoloba diversifolia [Bondar 1923: 165], C. uvifera [Hempel 1899] [NHM, London]; Rosaceae: Licania tomentosa [Costa Lima 1968: 113]; Rubiaceae: Coffea arabica [Bondar 1929: 253] [NHM, London] , Gardenia augusta [Vazquez 1999: 144] , Gardenia sp.; Rutaceae [Cohic-(3' Note) - 1968: 34] : Citrus aurantium [Cohic-(3' Note) - 1968: 34] , C. aurantifolia, C. decumana [Cohic-(3' Note) - 1968: 34] , C. limon, C. nobilis [Cohic-(3' Note) - 1968: 34] , C. sinensis [NHM, London] , C. sapota [Vazquez 1999: 144] , Citrus sp. Citrus x paradisi, X Citrofortunella microcarp, Zanthoxylum sp. [Martin 2005: 22]; Sapotaceae: Pouteria caimito [Costa Lima 1968: 113] [Costa Lima 1942] [Hempel 1923: 1189] , Manilkara sp. M. zapota; Solanaceae: Solanum melongena [Vazquez 1999: 144] [NHM, London]; Verbenaceae: Avicennia germinans; Viscaceae: Phoradendron sp. [Costa Lima 1968: 113] ; Zygophyllaceae: Guaiacum officinale L. [Maskell 1895: 433] [NHM, London] Natural Enemies [See also Mound & Halsey 1978: 63-64] : Fungi: Aegerita webberi [Boener 1956] , Ascheronia aleyrodis [Morrill & Back 1912] Acarina: Phytoseiidae [Ferrqgut et al. 1987] : Euseius stipulatus (Athias-Henriot), Typhlodromus phialatus Athias-Henriot Araneae: Dictynidae: Phantyna segrata (Gertsch & Mulaik) [Abbasii 1980] Coleoptera: Coccinellidae: Adalia bipunctata (Linnaeus) [Onillon & Abbassi 1973] , A. variegata (Goeze) [Onillon & Abbassi 1973], Chilocorus bipustulatus (Linnaeus) [Abbasii 1980] , Clitostethus arcuatus (Rossi) [Abbasii 1980] , Coelophora pupillata (Swartz) [Paulson & Kumashiro 1985] [Paulson 1983] , Cryptolaemus montrouzieri Mulsant [Abbasii 1980] , Delphastus pallidus (LeConte) [Muma et al. 1961] [Meyerdirk et al. 1980] [Muma 1955] [Muma 1955] , Exochomus quadripustulatus (L.) [Onillon & Abbassi 1973] , Harmonia conglobata L. [Onillon & Abbassi 1973] , Harmonia sedimnotata Fab. [Abbasii 1980] , Nephaspis oculatus (Blatchley) [Muma 1955] [Muma et al. 1961] [Paulson & Kumashiro 1985] [Paulson 1983] [Yoshida & Mau 1985] , Rhyzobius chrysomeloides Herbst [Abbasii 1980] , Serangium maculigerum Blackburn [Paulson & Kumashiro 1985] Diptera: Syrphidae: Allograpta obliqua (Say) Hemiptera: Lygaeidae: Geocoris sp. [Paulson & Kumashiro 1985]; Reduviidae: Rhinocorus iracundus (Poda) [Paulson & Kumashiro 1985] [Paulson 1983] Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae: Ablerus Howard [Onillon & Abbassi 1973], Cales noacki Howard [Fulmek 1943] [Dozier 1933: 98] , Encarsia aleurothrixi Evans and Polaszek [Evans & Polaszek 1998] , E. americana (DeBach & Rose) [1981] [Schauff et al. 1996] , E. basicincta Gahan [Thompson 1950: 5] [Gahan 1927] , E. brasiliensis (Hempel) [Hempel 1904], E. cubensis Gahan [Evans & Polaszek 1998] [Fulmek 1943] [Dozier 1933], E. desantisi Viggiani, E. dominicana Evans, E. haitiensis Dozier (1932), E. luteola Howard, E. nigricephala Dozier, E. noyesi Hayat [Polaszek & Hayat 1992] , E. portoricensis [Thompson 1950: 5] , E. quaintancei Howard, Encarsia sp., E. tabacivora Viggiani, E. variegata Howard, Eretmocerus aleurothrixus Rose [Rose 2000] , E. ampliatus Rose [Rose 2000] , E. comperei Rose [Rose 2000] , E. desantisi Rose [Rose 2000] , E. dozieri Rose [Rose 2000] , E. exilis Rose [Rose 2000] , E. gracilis Rose [Rose 2000], E. haldemani Howard, E. jimenezi Rose [Rose 2000] , E. longiterebrus Rose [Rose 2000], E. paulistus Hempel [Rose 2000] [Hempel 1904] , E. portoricensis Dozier [Rose 2000] [Dozier 1932] , Eretmocerus sp., Marietta sp; Encyrtidae: Plagiomerus cyaneus (Ashmead) [Fulmek 1943: 8] , Metaphycus sp.; Eulophidae: Neopomphale aleurothrixi (Dozier) [Fulmek 1943: 8]; Encyrtidae: Plagiomerus cyaneus (Ashmead) [Fulmek 1943]; Platygastridae: Amitus sp., A. spiniferus (Brethes) [De Santis 1937] [Viggiani & Mazzone 1982] [Fulmek 1943: 8], ; Signiphoridae: Signiphora sp. [Fulmek 1943: 8] , Signiphora townsendi Ashmead [Fulmek 1943] [Costa Lima 1936: 153] , Signiphora xanthographa Blanchard [Fulmek 1943: 8] Neuroptera: Chrysopidae: Ceraeochrysa cubana (Hagen) [Muma et al. 1961] , Chrysopa sp [Abbasii 1980] , Chrysoperla comanche (Banks) [Paulson 1983]; Coniopterygidae: Coniopteryx vicina Hagen [Muma 1959], Conwentzia psociformis (Curtis) [Longo et al. 1985] [Ripolles & Melia 1982] , Semidalis aleyrodiformis (Stephens) [Longo et al. 1985] Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae: Haplothrips merrilli Watson [Fulmek 1943: 8] |
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Aleurothrixus guareae Costa Lima Nomenclature:
Distribution: Neotropical [Costa Lima 1942: 424] : Brazil Host: Meliaceae: Guarea trichilioides [Costa Lima 1942: 424]; Sapotaceae: Achras sapota [Costa Lima 1942: 422] , Pouteria caimito [Costa Lima 1942: 424] |
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Aleurothrixus guimaraesi Costa Lima Nomenclature:
Distribution: Neotropical: Brazil [Costa Lima 1942: 422] Host: Sapotaceae: Achras sapota [Costa Lima 1942: 422] |
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Aleurothrixus interrogationis (Bemis) Nomenclature:
Distribution: Nearctic: USA (CA) [Bemis, 1904: 512] [NHM, London] Host: Rhamnaceae: Ceanothus thyrsiflorus, C. californicus [Quaintance & Baker 1914] [Bemis, 1904: 512] [NHM, London] |
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Aleurothrixus lucumai Costa Lima Nomenclature:
Distribution [Costa Lima 1942: 422] : Neotropical: Brazil Host: Sapotaceae [Costa Lima 1942: 422] : Achras sapota, Lucuma caimito |
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Aleurothrixus miconiae Hempel Nomenclature:
Distribution: Neotropical: Brazil Host: Melstomataceae: Miconia chartaceae [Hempel 1923: 1190] |
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Aleurothrixus myrtacei Bondar Nomenclature:
Distribution: Neotropical: Barbados [Martin 2005: 22] [Bondar 1923: 176] [NHM, London] , Belize [Martin 2005: 22], Brazil [Martin 2005: 22], Colombia, Cuba, Guadalupe [Martin 2005: 22] [Bondar 1923: 176] [NHM, London], Guatemala, Honduras, Puerto Rico, Suriname, St. Lucia, Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela. Host: Myrtaceae [Bondar 1923: 176] : Indet, Eugenia, Pimenta sp., [Martin 2005: 22] Psidium sp. [NHM, London] ; Rubiaceae: indet leaf, Gardenia augusta |
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Aleurothrixus ondinae Bondar Nomenclature:
Distribution [Bondar 1923: 175] : Neotropical: Brazil Host: Indet [Bondar 1923: 175] |
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Aleurothrixus porteri Quaintance & Baker Nomenclature:
Distribution: Neotropical: Argentina [Costa Lima 1968: 114], Brazil [Baker & Moles 1923: 634] [Quaintance & Baker 1916: 468] , Chile Host: [Baker & Moles 1923: 634]: Indet; Anacardiaceae: Lithrea caustica [Baker & Moles 1923: 634], L. molle [Baker & Moles 1923: 634] , Schinus dependens [Quaintance & Baker 1916]; Lauraceae: Persea americana [Baker & Moles 1923: 634] ; Myrtaceae: Myrciaria cauliflora [Baker & Moles 1923: 634] [Quaintance & Baker 1916: 468), Myrtus sp [Baker & Moles 1923: 634];; Rutaceae [Baker & Moles 1923: 634]: Citrus sp.; Sapotaceae: Achras sapote [Costa Lima 1968: 114]; Solanaceae [Baker & Moles 1923: 634]: Cestrum parqui, indet [Baker & Moles 1923: 634] [Quaintance & Baker 1916: 468]; Verbenaceae [Baker & Moles 1923: 634]: Lippia citriodora Natural Enemies: Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae: Cales noacki Howard [Fulmek 1943: 8], Encarsia hispida De Santis [Polaszek et al. 1992] , E. porteri (Mercet), Cales noacki Howard [Fulmek 1943] |
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Aleurothrixus proximans Bondar Nomenclature:
Distribution: Neotropical [Bondar 1923: 173]: Brazil Host: Lauraceae: Indet [Corbett 1935: 811] [Bondar 1923: 173] , Laurus nobilis [Costa Lima 1968: 115] |
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Aleurothrixus solani Bondar Nomenclature:
Distribution [Bondar 1923: 173] : Neotropical: Brazil Host [Bondar 1923: 173] : Solanaceae: indet |
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