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GlossaryAbdominal spiracle = one of a pair of spiracles on an abdominal segment Alutaceous = covered with minute cracks; leathery in texture Apex (pl. apices) = the tip or end of any structure Basal = at the base or nearest to the main body Bituberculate = with two distinct tubercles Clypeus = the anterior part of the face, between the frons and the mouthparts (Fig 3) Clypeal teeth = teeth on the margin of the clypeus (Fig 3) Cicatrix (pl. cicatrices) = a scar with elevated margins Concave = hollowed out; the interior of a sphere as opposed to the outer or convex surface Convergent = becoming closer distally Convex = the outer curved surface of a segment of a sphere; opposite to concave Coprophagous = feeding on excrement or on decaying vegetable matter resembling excrement Coxa (pl. coxae) = the first (basal) segment of the leg (Fig 4) Crenulate = with the margin finely notched with small, rounded teeth Deflexed = abruptly bent downward Digit = a finger-like structure Disc = the middle of a defined broad surface (of the elytra, pygidium, pronotum etc.) Distal = toward the end (of a leg, segment etc.) furthest from the body Dorsal = the upper surface Epipleuron (pl. epipleura) = the reflexed lateral edge of the elytron, without striae (Fig 2) Elytron (pl. elytra) = one of a pair of modified fore-wings of beetles, characteristically rigid, which fit over the abdomen when at rest, covering the hind wings (Fig 2) Femur (pl. femora) = the third segment of the leg, between the trochanter and the tibia (Fig 4) Fissure = a crevice or slit Fossorial = formed for digging or burrowing Frons = the middle dorsal portion of the head capsule, between the eyes and the clypeus (Fig 3) Frontoclypeal suture = the suture between the frons and the clypeus (Fig 5) Fungivorous = feeding on fungi Gena (pl. genae) = the cheek; the area of the head on each side near the eye (Fig 5) Genal suture = the suture defining the part of the head on each side below the eye (Fig 5) Humerus (pl. humeri) = shoulder; basal exterior angle of the elytra (Fig 3) Hypomeron = the portion of the pronotum that is ventral due to lateral folding Impunctate = without punctures Intercoxal process = a median protrusion of the basal segment of the abdomen between the hind coxae (Fig 4) Interocular = between the eyes Keel = an elevated ridge or carina Labium (pl. labia) = the fused second maxillae, forming the floor of the mouth (Fig 1) Labrum = the upper lip, abutting the clypeus in front of the mouth Lateral = on or relating to the side Longitudinal = in the direction of the long axis Mandibles = the first pair of jaws Maxilla (pl. maxillae) = one of the second pair of jaws Mesosternum = sternum of mesothorax (Fig 6) Mesothorax = the second or middle thoracic segment, bearing the elytra and mid legs (Fig 7) Metasternum = the sternum of the metathorax (Fig 6) Metathorax = the third thoracic segment, bearing the hind legs and hind wings (Fig 7) Necrophagous = feeding on dead or decaying animals Oblique = having a slanting position; not vertical or horizontal or longitudinal Prehensile = able to grasp or hold Pronotum = the dorsal part of the prothorax (Fig 2) Prosternum = the sternum of the prothorax (Fig 6) Prothorax = the first thoracic segment, bearing the anterior legs, but no wings (Fig 7) Pseudepipleuron (pl. pseudepipleura) = a narrow region dorsal to the epipleuron , defined by a secondary fold of the elytral disc (Fig 2) Pterothorax = the wing-bearing part of the thorax (ie. the meso- and metathorax) Punctate = pitted, covered with fine pits Pygidium = the last dorsal segment of the abdomen, usually entirely exposed by the elytra in the Scarabaeinae (Fig 2) Reticulate = made up of a network of lines Scalloped = with a series of semicircular segments resembling a scallop shell Sclerite = any part of the body wall bounded by membranes or sutures Sclerotised = with a thickened, hardened cuticle Serrate = with a row of triangular teeth (saw-like) Setae = sclerotised hairlike projections Sexual dimorphism = the difference in appearance between the two sexes of the same species Shagreened = Covered with a closely set roughness; granular Sinuate = wavy, usually in relation to margins or edges Spine = a thornlike process of the cuticle, not separated from it by a joint Spiracle = an external opening of the tracheal system Spatulate = spoon shaped; rounded and broad at the tip, tapering at the base Spur = a spine connected to the body wall by a joint; an articulated spine (Fig 4) Sternum = the entire ventral section of any segment Sternite = a subdivision of a sternum Striae (singular - stria) = the longitudinal grooves running from the base to the apex of the elytra (Fig 3) Subdentate (tarsal claws) = the lower edge is angled near the base of the claw Subquadrate = not quite a square Suture = groove marking the line of fusion between two formerly distinct plates, or longitudinal meeting point of elytra Tarsal claw = a claw at the end of the tarsus (Fig 4) Tarsus (pl. tarsi) = the last leg segment, attached to the end of the tibia. Made up of 5 subsegments (Fig 4) Thoracic = belonging to or attached to the thorax Thorax = the middle portion of the body, between the head and abdomen, consisting of three segments (prothorax, mesothorax, metathorax) (Fig 7) Tibia (pl. tibiae) = the fourth segment of the leg, between the femur and the tarsus (Fig 4) Transverse = across; perpendicular to the longitudinal axis Trapezoidal = a four-sided figure in which 2 sides are parallel and 2 are not Tribe = a subdivision of a sub-family, containing a group of genera, the name of which ends in "-ini" Trochanter = the second segment of the leg, between the coxa and femur (Fig 4) Truncate = cut off squarely at the tip Tubercle = a small knoblike or rounded protuberance |
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